Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Renal Physiology forPrimary Care Clinicians -- Introduction -- Vascular Structure oftheKidney -- Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) -- Renal Tubular Function -- Proximal Tubular Segments -- Loop ofHenle -- Distal Tubular Segments -- Collecting Tubules -- References -- Chapter 2: State oftheCare, Definition, andEpidemiology ofChronic Kidney Disease -- Definition ofChronic Kidney Disease -- Significance ofChronic Kidney Disease -- Economic Burden ofChronic Kidney Disease -- Common Causes ofESRD -- Epidemiology/Prevalence ofChronic Kidney Disease -- Risk Factors forCKD andCKD Prevalence -- Awareness ofCKD -- Prevention andScreening -- Screening -- Slowing theProgression ofCKD -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Screening Tests forCKD Detection -- Introduction -- Urinalysis -- Urine Specimen Collection -- Gross Examination -- Urine Dipstick -- Urine Sediment -- Glomerular Filtration Rate andIts Assessment -- Assessment ofGFR -- Measurement ofGFR -- Estimation ofGFR -- Creatinine asaMarker toEstimate GFR -- Creatinine Clearance -- Equations forEstimating GFR fromSerum Creatinine -- Cockcroft-Gault Formula -- MDRD Study Equation -- CKD-EPI Equation -- Urea asaMarker forGFR -- Serum Cystatin C -- GFR Assessment inCircumstances Requiring High Degree ofAccuracy -- Kidney Donor Evaluation -- Drug Dosing -- Assessing Kidney Function Beyond eGFR -- Disease Duration -- Major Causes and Classification of Kidney Disease -- Proteinuria -- Albuminuria -- Measurement ofTotal Urine Protein Excretion -- Approach to Patient with Proteinuria -- Hematuria -- Radiologic Assessment inRenal Disease -- Ultrasound -- Computed Tomography (CT) -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Abdominal Radiography -- Renal Arteriography -- Radionuclide Studies

Retrograde or Anterograde Pyelography -- Renal Biopsy -- Indications ofRenal Biopsy -- Contraindications -- Pre-biopsy Work-Up -- Complications -- References -- Chapter 4: Slowing Chronic Kidney Disease Progression -- Introduction -- CKD Detection -- Slowing CKD Progression by Optimizing Hypertension Control -- Slowing CKD Progression by Reducing Proteinuria -- Slowing Diabetic Kidney Disease -- Slowing CKD Progression inCardiovascular Disease -- Slowing CKD Progression by Optimizing Metabolic Acidosis -- Hyperlipidemia -- Hyperuricemia -- Obesity andCKD Progression -- Smoking -- New Therapies Targeting Renal Fibrosis toSlow CKD Progression -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Progression ofCKD and Uremic Symptoms -- Definition ofChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) -- Clinical Presentation -- Things toInclude inRoutine History andPhysical inaPatient withCKD -- Making Use ofExisting Laboratory Data andImaging Studies -- CKD andIts Risk Factors -- Etiology ofCKD -- Stages ofCKD andIts Progression -- CKD andIts Progression -- Definition ofCKD Progression andIts Assessment -- Disclosing toPatients -- Referral toaNephrologist -- Natural History ofRenal Disease -- Pathophysiology ofCKD andIts Progression -- Factors toPredict theProgression ofCKD -- Intraglomerular Hypertension andGlomerular Hypertrophy -- Proteinuria -- Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis -- Diabetes Mellitus andCKD -- Metabolic Acidosis -- Uric Acid -- Use ofSmoking andIllicit Drugs -- Interaction withHealthcare Professionals -- Taking aCharge ofOwn Health -- Socioeconomic Impact -- APOL1 Genotype inAfrican Americans (AA) -- CKD Manifestations andTheir Management -- Uremia -- Pathogenesis ofUremia -- Signs andSymptoms ofUremia -- Approach toManagement ofUremia -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Diabetic Kidney Disease -- Introduction

Pathogenesis -- Incidence andPrevalence -- Risk Factors -- Age -- Race/Ethnicity -- Obesity -- Uncontrolled Blood Sugar -- Hypertension -- Albuminuria -- Role ofKidney Biopsy -- Pathology -- Progression -- Treatment -- Following DKD Patient During Treatment toControl CV Risk Factors -- References -- Chapter 7: Hypertensive Kidney Disease -- Introduction andEpidemiology -- Definitions -- Epidemiology ofHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Causes ofHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Impaired Sodium Excretion -- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System -- Sympathetic Nervous System -- Impaired Renal Autoregulation inCKD -- Inflammation -- BP Target inHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Blood Pressure Monitoring andBlood Pressure Patterns inHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Masked Hypertension inCKD -- Resistant Hypertension inHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Role ofHypertension intheProgression ofCKD -- Treatment ofHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Use ofRAAS Inhibition inCKD -- Diuretics -- Aldosterone Antagonists inHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Dietary Potassium Supplementation -- SGLT-2 Inhibitors -- Allopurinol -- Aspirin andClopidogrel -- Weight Loss forTreatment ofHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Evaluation forRenal Artery Stenosis inHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Hypertensive Emergency inHypertensive Kidney Disease -- Prognosis -- References -- Chapter 8: Infection-Related Kidney Disease -- Introduction -- Virus-Induced Kidney Disease -- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) -- APOL1 Gene -- HIV-Associated Immune Complex Kidney Disease (HIVICK) -- Treatment ofHIV withHIV-Associated Anti-Retro-Viral Therapy (HAART) -- Protease Inhibitors (PI) -- Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) -- Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI) -- Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

HCV Treatment -- Hepatitis B Virus -- HBV Treatment -- Hepatitis E Virus -- Other Virus-Associated Renal Disease -- Flaviviruses -- Dengue Virus -- Hantavirus -- Coronavirus-19 -- Bacterial Infections -- Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis -- Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis -- Mycobacterial Infections -- Fungal Infections -- Protozoan andParasitic Infections -- Malaria -- Leptospirosis -- Leishmaniasis -- Schistosomiasis -- Filariasis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Hepatorenal Syndrome -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology ofHRS -- HRS-AKI -- HRS-NAKI -- Clinical Manifestations -- Diagnosis -- Differential Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Medical Management -- TIPS -- Renal Replacement Therapy -- Liver Transplantation -- Prevention -- Prognosis -- References -- Chapter 10: Lupus Nephritis -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Clinical Response Definitions -- Treatment Protocols (Please See Table10.1 foraSummary) -- Induction Therapy -- Maintenance Therapy -- Emerging Therapies andProtocols -- Antimalarials inLN -- B-cell Depletion -- Management ofClass V LN -- Pregnancy andLN -- Dialysis andTransplantation inLN -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Onconephrology -- Introduction -- Assessment ofKidney Function inCancer Patients -- Acute Kidney Injury inCancer Patients -- Tumor Lysis Syndrome -- Therapy-Related Acute Kidney Injury -- Traditional Chemotherapeutic Agents -- Platinum Salts -- Methotrexate andPemetrexed -- Ifosfamide andCyclophosphamide -- Nitrosoureas -- Gemcitabine andMitomycin C -- Targeted Therapy -- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitors -- BRAF Inhibitors -- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitors -- Proteasome Inhibitors -- Immunotherapy -- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICPI) -- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapy -- Radiation Nephropathy

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) -- Cancer-Related Kidney Disease -- Paraprotein-Related Kidney Disease -- Classification ofParaprotein-Related Diseases -- Clinical andHistological Manifestations ofRenal Involvement inPlasma Cell Dyscrasias -- Multiple Myeloma -- Evaluation ofSuspected Monoclonal Gammopathy -- Treatment ofMonoclonal Gammopathies withRenal Involvement -- Leukemia andLymphoma -- Paraneoplastic Glomerular Disease -- Urinary Tract Obstruction -- Renal Cell Carcinoma -- CKD, ESRD, andCancer -- References -- Chapter 12: Complications ofChronic Kidney Disease: Electrolyte andAcid-Base Disorders -- Acidemia ofChronic Kidney Disease -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Findings -- Adverse Effects -- Treatment -- Available Therapeutics -- Calculation ofBicarbonate Deficit -- Dietary Management ofMetabolic Acidosis ofChronic Kidney Disease -- Pharmaceutical Management -- Sodium Disorder andChronic Kidney Disease -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology ofConcentrating andDiluting Defects inChronic Kidney Disease -- The Counter-Current Mechanism inChronic Kidney Disease -- Clinical Implications -- Treatment -- Hypovolemic Hyponatremia Secondary toVolume Deficits -- Euvolemic/Hypervolemic Hyponatremia -- ADH Inhibitors -- Water Restriction -- Use ofLoop Diuretics -- Hypernatremia andChronic Kidney Disease -- Hyponatremia andEnd-Stage Renal Disease -- Potassium andChronic Kidney Disease -- Epidemiology -- Hyperkalemia inChronic Kidney Disease -- Mechanism ofHyperkalemia andChronic Kidney Disease -- Clinical Sequel -- Treatment -- Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate -- Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate -- Patiromer -- Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate -- Renal Replacement Therapy -- Hypokalemia inChronic Kidney Disease -- Clinical Sequel -- Goals ofTreatment -- Potassium Preparation -- References

Chapter 13: Anemia inChronic Kidney Disease