Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Sudden Death inAthletes: Autoptic Findings -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Aorta andPulmonary Artery -- 1.3 Coronary Arteries -- 1.4 Myocardium -- 1.5 Valve Disease -- 1.6 Conduction System -- 1.7 Ion Channel Diseases: Sudden Death withStructurally Normal Heart -- 1.8 Role ofAutopsy inCase ofSudden Death inAthletes -- 1.9 Toxicological Analysis -- 1.9.1 Sample Preparation -- 1.9.2 General Unknown Screening -- 1.9.3 Interpretation of Results -- References -- 2: Electrocardiographic Changes intheAthlete's Heart -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Athlete's ECG: General Considerations -- 2.3 Physiological Changes -- 2.4 Borderline Changes -- 2.5 Abnormal or Pathological Changes -- References -- 3: Benign Arrhythmias andConduction Defects inAthletes -- 3.1 Sinus Arrhythmia -- 3.1.1 Definition -- 3.1.2 Epidemiology inSport -- 3.1.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.2 Sinus Bradycardia -- 3.2.1 Definition -- 3.2.2 Epidemiology inSport -- 3.2.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.3 Right Bundle Branch Block -- 3.3.1 Definition -- 3.3.2 Epidemiology inSport -- 3.3.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.4 Left Bundle Branch Block -- 3.4.1 Definition -- 3.4.2 Epidemiology inSport -- 3.4.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.5 Atrio-Ventricular Blocks -- 3.5.1 Definition -- 3.5.2 Epidemiology inSport -- 3.5.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.6 Premature Ventricular Beats -- 3.6.1 Definition -- 3.6.2 Epidemiology inAthletes -- 3.6.3 Current Guidelines -- References -- 4: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy andLeft Ventricular Non-Compaction -- 4.1 Text -- 4.2 Risk Stratification inAthletes withHypertrophic Cardiomyopathy -- 4.3 Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy -- References -- 5: Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Definition andPathological Findings

5.3 Pathophysiology ofVentricular Arrhythmias inAC -- 5.4 AC andSD inAthletes -- 5.5 Early Identification at Pre-participation Screening -- References -- 6: Acute andChronic Myocarditis -- 6.1 Clinical andElectrocardiographic Findings -- 6.2 Additional Instrumental Findings (Imaging Techniques andEndomyocardial Biopsy) -- 6.3 Athletes withFever: What toSuggest toSports Physicians -- 6.4 Long-Term Outcome ofMyocarditis: Chronic Persistence ofInflammation andResidual Fibrosis -- 6.5 Clinical andPrognostic Significance ofChronically Residual Fibrosis -- 6.6 When ECG Suggests thePresence ofFibrosis -- 6.7 Sport Eligibility After Myocarditis -- References -- 7: Congenital andAcquired Anomalies ofCoronary Arteries -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Congenital Anomalies -- 7.3 Anomalous Origin ofCoronary Arteries -- 7.4 Myocardial Bridge -- 7.5 Coronary Fistulae -- 7.6 Acquired Anomalies -- 7.6.1 Coronary Atherosclerosis -- 7.6.2 Kawasaki's Disease -- 7.6.3 Cocaine-Induced Coronary Disease -- References -- 8: Interpretation andDiagnostic Workup ofPremature Ventricular Beats -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Concept of"Common" and"Uncommon" PVBs -- 8.3 Pathological Substrates inAthletes withPVBs -- 8.4 Recent Evidence onVentricular Ectopy inAthletes -- 8.5 Diagnostic Workup ofPremature Ventricular Beats inAthletes -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Fear ofSudden Death During Sport Activity andtheLong QT Syndrome -- 9.1 Foreword -- 9.2 Introduction -- 9.3 Key Features ofLQTS -- 9.4 Problems andErrors -- 9.5 What Should Not Happen -- 9.6 A Dangerous Trap -- 9.7 Our Approach andOur Recommendations -- References -- 10: Short QT Syndrome -- 10.1 Background -- 10.2 ECG Diagnosis ofShort QT Syndrome andDifferential Diagnosis -- 10.2.1 QT andQTc Interval -- 10.2.2 QT/HR Relationship

10.2.3 Other ECG Features -- 10.2.3.1 T Wave Morphology andJ-Tpeak Interval -- 10.2.3.2 PQ Segment Depression -- 10.2.3.3 Early Repolarisation Pattern -- 10.3 Genetics andMolecular Basis -- 10.4 Clinical Manifestations andMechanisms ofArrhythmias -- 10.5 Management ofSQTS Patients -- 10.6 Sports Recommendations -- References -- 11: Brugada ECG Pattern andBrugada Syndrome -- 11.1 Brugada Type 1 ECG andPrognosis -- 11.2 Genetic Basis ofBrugada Syndrome -- 11.3 Risk Stratification inIndividuals withBrugada Type 1 ECG Pattern -- 11.4 Brugada ECG Pattern inAthletes -- 11.5 Brugada Syndrome andRisk ofSD Related toSport Activity -- 11.6 Sports Eligibility inSubjects withBrugada Syndrome andaBrS Type 1 ECG -- 11.7 Drug-Induced Br Type 1 ECG: Indications andSports Eligibility -- References -- 12: Early Repolarization Syndrome -- 12.1 Benign Left ER andERS Differential Diagnosis -- 12.2 Early Repolarization Syndrome Causes andComplications -- 12.3 ERS ECG Pattern andRisk ofSD Related toSport Activity -- 12.3.1 Sports Eligibility inSubjects withDefinite or Suspected ERS -- References -- 13: Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Epidemiology -- 13.3 Genetic Background -- 13.3.1 Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (RYR2) -- 13.3.2 Cardiac Calsequestrin (CASQ2) -- 13.4 Other Genes Associated withCPVT -- 13.4.1 Triadin (TRDN) -- 13.4.2 Calmodulin (CALM) -- 13.4.3 Trans-2,3-Enoyl-CoA Reductase-Like (TECRL) -- 13.5 Pathophysiology -- 13.5.1 Excitation-Contraction Coupling andCalcium-Induced Calcium Release (CICR) -- 13.6 Molecular Pathophysiology -- 13.6.1 RYR2 Mutations -- 13.6.2 CASQ2 Mutations -- 13.6.3 TRDN Mutations -- 13.7 Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms -- 13.8 Clinical Manifestations andDiagnosis -- 13.9 Differential Diagnosis -- 13.10 Principles ofManagement

13.11 Lifestyle -- 13.12 Pharmacological Treatment -- 13.12.1 Beta-Blockers -- 13.12.2 Flecainide -- 13.13 Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation -- 13.14 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator -- 13.15 Future Therapies -- References -- 14: Sport Activity inSubjects withImplantable Defibrillator -- 14.1 Background -- 14.2 Epidemiology -- 14.3 Cultural Aspects andPublished Experiences -- 14.4 Actual Recommendations (Tables 14.1, 14.2, and14.3) -- 14.5 Subcutaneous ICD -- 14.6 Discussion andPerspectives -- References