The Plastid Genomes of Flowering Plants: Essential Principles -- Plastid Gene Transcription: An Update on Promoters and RNA Polymerases -- Engineering Chloroplasts for High-Level Constitutive or Inducible Transgene Expression -- Marker-Free Transplastomic Plants by Excision of Plastid Marker Genes Using Directly Repeated DNA Sequences -- Fluorescent Labeling and Confocal Microcopy of Plastids and Stromules -- Transformation of the Plastid Genome in Tobacco: The Model System for Chloroplast Genome Engineering -- Nicotiana tabacum: An Update on PEG-Mediated Plastid Transformation -- Transformation of the Plastid Genome in Tobacco Suspension Cell Cultures -- Plastid Marker Gene Excision in the Tobacco Shoot Apex by Agrobacterium-Delivered Cre Recombinases -- Rubisco Engineering by Plastid Transformation and Protocols for Assessing Expression -- Plastid Transformation in Tomato: A Vegetable Crop and Model Species -- Stable Plastid Transformation of Petunia for Studies in Basic Science -- Plastid Transformation in Potato: An Important Source of Nutrition and Industrial Materials -- Plastid Transformation of Poplar: A Model for Perennial Trees -- Plastid Transformation in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) by Biolistic DNA Delivery -- Plastid Transformation in Sugar Beet: An Important Industrial Crop -- A Simple Technology for Generating Marker-Free Chloroplast Transformants of the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- Regulated Chloroplast Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas -- Plastid Transformation in Physcomitrella patens: An Update -- Plastid Transformation of Sporelings from the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L..-Rapid and Modular DNA Assembly for Transformation of Marchantia Chloroplasts.

This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with updated chapters in model systems and new crops. The book contains protocols for plastid engineering in leaves, tissue culture cells, and the shoot apex of plants, as well as for marker excision from the plastid genome and engineering Rubisco, the key enzyme of photosynthesis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Chloroplast Biotechnology: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for researchers who wish to enter the field, and for practitioners looking for insights of applications in agriculture, industrial biotechnology and healthcare. .