5.3.2 Scar Tissue Granuloma, Fibrous Nodule, Sclerotic Formation.

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Foreword; Preface; Quotes; Part I: General Principles; Chapter 1: Muscle Physiology in€Athletes; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Skeletal Muscle Function; 1.1.2 Muscle Fiber Composition; 1.1.3 Muscle Contraction Mechanism; 1.1.4 The Capillary Network; 1.2 Effects of€Physical Training on€Muscle Structures; 1.2.1 Effects of€Endurance Training; 1.2.2 Effects of€Strength Training; 1.2.2.1 Hypertrophy; 1.2.2.2 Possibility of€an€Increase in€Muscle Cell Hyperplasia; 1.2.2.3 Effect of€Strength Training on€Muscle Typology; 1.2.2.4 Role of€Nerve Stimulation; 1.2.2.5 The Role of€Muscle Architecture.

1.3 Mechanisms of€Muscular Plasticity in€Response to€Training1.3.1 Neural Factors; 1.3.2 Mechanical Stress; 1.3.3 Metabolic Factors; 1.3.4 Role of€Hormones; 1.3.5 Role of€Nutrition; 1.4 Practical Applications; 1.4.1 How to€Assess Muscle Mass; 1.4.2 How to€Assess Muscle Typology; 1.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Functional Anatomy of€the€Muscle; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Muscle Architecture; 2.2.1 Muscle Compartments; 2.2.2 Architecture of€the€Triceps Surae Muscle; 2.3 Functional Organization of€Muscles; 2.3.1 Functional Organization of€Limb Muscles.

2.3.2 The Scapulothoracic Functional Complex2.3.3 The "Deltoid-Pectoralis" Complex; 2.4 Organization of€Tendons; 2.4.1 The Proximal Hamstring Muscle Complex; 2.4.2 The Femoral Portion of€the€Iliopsoas Muscle; 2.5 Muscular Variations; 2.5.1 Reversed Palmaris Longus Muscle; 2.5.2 Aberrant Belly of€the€Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle (Gantzer's Muscle); 2.5.3 Muscular Variations of€the€Ankle Region; 2.5.3.1 Fibularis Tertius Muscle; 2.5.3.2 Fibularis Quartus Muscle; 2.5.3.3 Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus Muscle; 2.5.3.4 Accessory Soleus Muscle; 2.6 Conclusion; References.

4.5 Prevention4.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Role of€Clinical Evaluation for€the€Diagnosis of€Acute and€Chronic Muscle Injuries; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Acute Muscle Injuries; 5.2.1 The Clinical Diagnosis; 5.2.1.1 Clinical History; 5.2.1.2 Physical Examination; 5.2.2 Clinical Presentations [4-6]; 5.2.2.1 Muscle Contusion; 5.2.2.2 Overstretching; 5.2.2.3 Muscle Tears; 5.2.2.4 Muscle Ruptures; 5.2.3 Current Classification of€Muscle Injuries; 5.2.3.1 Grade 0; 5.2.3.2 Grade 1; 5.2.3.3 Grade 2; 5.2.3.4 Grade 3; 5.2.3.5 Grade 4; 5.3 Chronic Muscle Injuries; 5.3.1 Introduction.

Chapter 3: Muscular Responses During and€Following Acute Physical Activity Under Heat Stress3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Circulatory and€Thermoregulatory Responses to€Dynamic Exercise; 3.2.1 Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow; 3.2.2 Skeletal Muscle Heat Production; 3.3 Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and€Heat Stress; 3.4 Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage; 3.4.1 Muscle Soreness; 3.4.2 Creatine Kinase and€Myoglobin Activity; 3.4.3 Muscle Strength; 3.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Epidemiology and€Clinical Features of€Muscle Injuries; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Epidemiology; 4.3 Clinical Features; 4.4 Risk Factors.

This book attempts to provide a comprehensive look at all of the pathologies of muscles that are likely to be encountered in treating sports-related injuries. Its purpose is to give the practitioner a guide for identifying injuries and choosing the best therapeutic strategy. The first part presents the consensus view of current knowledge: the physiology of lesions and their prognosis as well as their anatomy, clinical imaging, and treatment. Then each of the muscles is described in turn, with a review of anatomy, clinical examination, the results of imaging, and therapeutic choices for acute and chronic injuries. A major section is dedicated to imaging, with the emphasis on which diagnostic methods are best for specific injuries and how to use diagnostic imaging to determine the most suitable therapeutic strategies. Special care has been taken to provide high-quality illustrations that clearly show how to identify the lesion of the damaged muscle. A wealth of illustrations, many in color, are included. Finally, the book concludes with some clinical cases and technical notes relevant to treatment of sports-related muscle injuries.

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