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Preface; References; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; 1: Molar Root Canal Anatomy; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Components of€the€Root Canal System and€Classifications; 1.3 Complexity of€Root Canal Systems; 1.4 The Anatomy of€Maxillary Molars; 1.5 The Anatomy of€Mandibular Molars; 1.5.1 Additional Roots in€Mandibular Molars; 1.5.2 Additional Root Canals; 1.5.3 Middle Mesial Root Canals; 1.5.4 Middle Distal Root Canals; 1.5.5 Accessory, Lateral Canals, and€Apical Ramifications; 1.5.6 C-Shaped Canal Systems; 1.5.7 Isthmi and€Intracanal Communications; References.

2.13 Diagnostic Tests2.14 Sensibility Testing: Pulpal Testing; 2.15 Thermal Testing; 2.15.1 Cold; 2.15.2 Heat; 2.16 Electrical Pulp Test; 2.17 Pulpal Testing Accuracy; 2.18 Periradicular Tests; 2.18.1 Percussion; 2.18.2 Biting; 2.19 Imaging: Radiography; 2.19.1 Radiolucent Variations; 2.19.2 Radiopaque Variations; 2.19.3 Children; 2.20 Pulpal Diagnostic Categories (Boxes€2.5 and€2.6); 2.20.1 Normal; 2.21 Periradicular Diagnostic Categories (Box€2.7); 2.21.1 Normal; 2.22 Cracked/Fractured Teeth; 2.23 Craze Lines; 2.24 Fractured Cusp; 2.25 Cracked Tooth; 2.26 Split Tooth.

2.27 Vertical Root Fracture2.28 Vertical Root Fracture Versus Advanced Crack; 2.29 Tooth Resorption; 2.30 Internal Resorption; 2.31 External Resorption; 2.32 External Surface Resorption; 2.33 External Inflammatory Root Resorption; 2.34 Ankylosis; References; 3: Local Anesthesia; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Topical Anesthesia; 3.3 Mandibular Anesthesia; 3.3.1 Block Technique; 3.3.2 Local Anesthetic Compounds for€Mandibular Anesthesia; 3.4 Maxillary Anesthesia; 3.4.1 Maxillary Technique; 3.4.2 Local Anesthetic Compounds for€Maxillary Anesthesia.

2: Diagnosis in€Molar Endodontics2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Patient Interview; 2.3 Chief Complaint; 2.4 History of€the€Chief Complaint; 2.5 Dental History; 2.6 Medical History; 2.7 Odontogenic Versus Non-odontogenic Pain; 2.8 Common Source of€Non-odontogenic Toothache; 2.8.1 Muscular; 2.8.2 Sinus or Nasal Structures; 2.8.3 Neurovascular; 2.8.4 Neural; 2.8.5 Cardiac; 2.8.6 Neoplasia; 2.8.7 Non-somatoform; 2.9 Clinical Exam; 2.9.1 Extraoral Exam (Box€2.3); 2.9.2 Intraoral Exam (Box€2.4); 2.10 Restorability; 2.11 Endodontic-Periodontic Relationship; 2.12 Sinus Tract.

3.5 Determining Pulpal Anesthesia Prior to€Initiating Treatment3.6 Supplemental Anesthetic Techniques; 3.7 Preemptive Strategies to€Improve Success of€the€IANB Injection; 3.8 Mandibular Buccal Infiltration Injection with€Articaine; 3.9 Intraligamentary (PDL) Injection; 3.10 Intraosseous Injection (IO); 3.11 Intrapulpal Injection; 3.12 Checklist for€Anesthesia in€Endodontics; References; 4: Vital Pulp Therapy for€Permanent Molars; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The Benefit of€Having a€Vital Pulp; 4.2.1 Apexogenesis; 4.2.2 Tertiary Dentinogenesis; 4.2.3 Inflammation and€Tertiary Dentin.

This volume offers readers a pragmatic approach to endodontic therapy for permanent molars, based on up-to-date evidence. All chapters were written by experts in the field, and focus on preparation for treatment, vital pulp therapy, access cavity preparation, root canal shaping, outcome assessment, retreatment, apical surgery, and specific aspects of restorations for root canal-treated molars. The role of micro-CT data in visualizing canal anatomy is compared to cone beam CT, and detailed information on current clinical tools, such as irrigation adjuncts and engine-driven preparation tools is provided. Important steps are illustrated in clinical photographs and radiographs, as well as by schematic diagrams. Tables and check boxes highlight key points for special attention, and clinical pitfalls. Guiding references are provided. Performing molar endodontics is often a daunting prospect, regardless of the practice setting. This is where "Molar Endodontics" is an ideal source of guidance for practitioners. Special devices and recent innovations in apex locators and nickel-titanium instruments have, however, made procedures significantly easier and more practical for non-specialists. This book will help conscientious clinicians to master molar endodontics with well-described and established clinical methods.