Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editor -- Introduction -- 1: BiodentineTM Microstructure andComposition -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Presentation andMixing -- 1.3 Chemical Composition -- 1.3.1 Cement Base -- 1.3.2 Modifiers -- 1.4 Biodentine Microstructure -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2: BiodentineTM Physico-Chemical Properties: FromInteractions withDental Tissues toAgeing -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Properties oftheCement -- 2.2.1 The CSH Gel -- 2.2.1.1 Setting Time -- 2.2.1.2 Viscosity andFlowability -- 2.2.1.3 Porosity -- 2.2.2 The Ion-Rich Water (Pore Solution) -- 2.2.2.1 Water Sorption -- 2.2.2.2 Solubility -- 2.2.2.3 Pore Solution pH -- 2.2.2.4 Ca andSi Ions -- 2.3 Ageing andtheEffect ofCuring Environment onBiodentine -- 2.3.1 Phosphate-Rich Media -- 2.3.2 Carbonation andtheBicarbonate Ion -- 2.3.3 pH oftheSurrounding Environment -- 2.4 Biodentine inRelation toDentine -- 2.4.1 Interaction withSound Dentine -- 2.4.1.1 Tag-Like Structures -- 2.4.1.2 Structurally Altered Dentine Layer (Mineral Infiltration Zone) -- 2.4.2 Interaction withCarious or Demineralised Dentine -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Biocompatibility andBioactive Properties ofBiodentineTM -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Biocompatibility -- 3.2.1 Effects onTarget Cells Following Pulp Capping Procedures -- 3.2.2 Interaction withTooth-Surrounding Tissues -- 3.3 Effects ofBiodentine™ onPulp-Dentine Regeneration Potential -- 3.3.1 Biodentine™ Implication intheResolution ofInflammation -- 3.3.2 Biodentine™ Implication inNeoangiogenesis -- 3.3.3 Biodentine™ Induces Pulp Fibroblast Proliferation andRecruitment -- 3.3.4 Biodentine™ Enhances Dental Pulp Stem Cell Recruitment -- 3.3.5 Effects onDifferentiation andMineralization -- 3.3.5.1 In Vitro -- 3.3.5.2 In Vivo

3.3.6 The Role ofHydration By-Products upon Setting -- 3.4 Osteogenic Potential -- 3.4.1 In Vitro -- 3.4.2 In Vivo -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4: BiodentineTM inInflammation andPain Control -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Physiology ofPulpal Pain -- 4.2.1 Nerves -- 4.2.2 Odontoblasts -- 4.3 Odontoblasts andPulp Cells Express Functional Hot andCold Receptors -- 4.4 Pulpal Pain andInflammation -- 4.5 Biodentine Sealing andAntibacterial Potentials -- 4.6 Modulation ofPulpal Pain andInflammation by Biodentine: Evidence fromInVitro Studies -- 4.6.1 Biodentine Modulation ofPro- and Anti-inflammatory Molecules -- 4.6.2 Modulation ofInflammatory Cell Recruitment -- 4.7 Modulation ofInflammation: Evidence fromInVivo Studies -- 4.8 Modulation ofPulpal Pain by Biodentine: Evidence fromClinical Studies -- References -- 5: BiodentineTM Clinical Applications inVital Pulp Therapy inPermanent Teeth -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Histopathology ofCarious Dentine -- 5.3 Indirect Pulp Protection -- 5.3.1 One-Step Approach -- 5.3.2 Two-Step Approach -- 5.3.3 Materials Used forIndirect Pulp Protection -- 5.4 Biodentine™ -- 5.4.1 Pulp Protection andDentine Replacement (Table5.2) -- 5.5 Direct Pulp Protection -- 5.5.1 Direct Pulp Protection: Clinical Procedure -- 5.5.2 Partial/Full Pulpotomy: Clinical Procedure -- 5.5.3 Materials Used forDirect Pulp Protection -- References -- 6: BiodentineTM: Applications inPulpotomy ofDeciduous Teeth -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Pulpotomy inDeciduous Teeth -- 6.3 Deciduous vs. Permanent Tooth Pulp -- 6.4 Regenerative Potential ofDental Pulp -- 6.5 Interaction ofPulpotomy Materials withDentine-Pulp Complex -- 6.6 Materials Used inPulpotomy -- 6.7 Classification ofPulpotomy Medicaments -- 6.8 Efficacy ofBiodentine asaPulpotomy Medicament inDeciduous Teeth

6.9 Biodentine vs. Formocresol -- 6.10 Biodentine vs. MTA -- 6.11 Biodentine vs. Other Pulpotomy Materials -- 6.12 Pulpotomy Procedure withBiodentine -- 6.13 Conclusion -- References -- 7: BiodentineTM Applications inTraumatology andFractures -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Paradigm Shift -- 7.1.2 Casuistics -- 7.1.3 Choice forBiodentine -- 7.2 Direct Pulp Capping inTraumatised Immature Incisors -- 7.2.1 Casuistics -- 7.3 Pulpotomy inTraumatised Immature Incisors -- 7.3.1 Casuistics -- 7.4 Full Obturation inTraumatised Incisors -- 7.4.1 Casuistics -- 7.4.1.1 Case 1: 9-Year-Old Girl withInfection of22 -- 7.4.1.2 Case 2: 8-Year-Old Girl withRecurrent Infection After Trauma of11 -- 7.5 Root Fractures -- 7.5.1 Casuistics -- 7.6 Save theUnsaved -- 7.6.1 Necrotic Immature Teeth After Trauma -- 7.6.1.1 Casuistics -- 7.6.2 Saving theUnsaved -- 7.6.2.1 Casuistics -- Case 1: 5-Year-Old Boy withaUnilateral Root Fracture ontheImmature Tooth 21 -- Case 2: 6-Year-Old Boy withaSevere Trauma onaFreshly Erupted Incisor -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8: BiodentineTM Applications inIrreversible Pulpitis Management inChildren andAdults -- 8.1 Pulpal Status Beneath Carious Exposures andtheClassification ofPulpitis -- 8.2 Diagnosis ofIrreversible Pulpitis andIts Limitations inChildren andAdults -- 8.2.1 Preoperative Clinical andRadiographic Examination -- 8.2.1.1 Signs andSymptoms -- 8.2.1.2 Sensibility Tests -- 8.2.1.3 Radiographic Examination -- 8.2.2 Intraoperative Assessment -- 8.3 Case Selection forVital Pulp Therapy inTeeth withIrreversible Pulpitis inChildren -- 8.3.1 Restorability oftheAffected Tooth andStage ofDeveloping Dentition -- 8.3.2 Incomplete Root Formation andThin Dentine Wall

8.4 Is Vital Pulp Therapy aViable andEven Preferred Alternative toPulpectomy forTeeth withClinical Diagnosis ofIrreversible Pulpitis inChildren andAdults? -- 8.4.1 Does Age Matter inDecision-Making inVital Pulp Therapy? -- 8.4.2 Cost-Effectiveness ofVital Pulp Therapy -- 8.5 Outcome ofVital Pulp Therapy inTeeth withIrreversible Pulpitis inChildren andAdults -- 8.5.1 Coronal Pulpotomy -- 8.5.2 Partial Pulpotomy andMiniature Pulpotomy -- 8.5.3 Direct andIndirect Pulp Capping -- 8.6 Biodentine Applications inIrreversible Pulpitis Management -- 8.7 Which Irreversible Pulpitis Tooth Can BeaCandidate forVital Pulp Therapy inChildren andAdults? -- 8.8 Vital Pulp Therapy Using Biodentine inTeeth withIrreversible Pulpitis: Procedure -- 8.9 Outcome Measures forSuccessful Vital Pulp Therapy -- 8.10 Possible Complications Following Vital Pulp Therapy withBiodentine inTeeth withIrreversible Pulpitis -- 8.10.1 Pulp Necrosis andApical Periodontitis -- 8.10.2 Cervical Root Fracture -- 8.10.3 Pulp Canal Obliteration -- 8.11 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Calcium Silicate-Based Cement (BiodentineTM) asaBioactive Material fortheLong-Term Preservation ofPulp Vitality inRestorative Dentistry andProsthodontics -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Clinical Evidence ontheEfficacy ofBiodentine asanIDP or DPC Material inVital Pulp Therapy -- 9.3 Studies Evaluating IPC withBiodentine -- 9.4 Studies Evaluating DPC withBiodentine -- 9.5 Case Series -- 9.5.1 Clinical Case 1 -- 9.5.2 Clinical Case 2 -- 9.5.3 Clinical Case 3 -- 9.5.4 Clinical Case 4 -- 9.5.5 Clinical Case 5 -- 9.6 Discussion -- 9.6.1 Studies ofthePreservation ofPulp Vitality After IPC withBiodentine -- 9.6.2 Studies ofthePreservation ofPulp Vitality After DPC withBiodentine -- 9.7 Conclusions -- References

10: BiodentineTM Applications inFurcation Perforation andRoot Resorption -- 10.1 Furcation Perforations -- 10.1.1 Repair ofFresh Perforations -- 10.1.2 Repair ofOld Perforations -- 10.1.3 Matrix Technique -- 10.1.4 Push-Out Bond Strength -- 10.1.5 Reactions ofCells ofthePeriodontium toBiodentine -- 10.1.5.1 Reactions ofCells ofthePeriodontium InVitro -- 10.1.5.2 Reactions ofCells ofthePeriodontium inRats -- 10.1.5.3 Reactions ofCells ofthePeriodontium inDogs -- 10.1.5.4 Reactions ofCells ofthePeriodontium inHumans -- 10.1.6 Advantages ofBiodentine intheRepair ofFurcation Perforations -- 10.2 Root Resorption -- 10.2.1 Internal Resorptions -- 10.2.2 Management ofInternal Resorption -- 10.2.3 External Resorptions -- 10.2.3.1 Replacement Resorption -- 10.2.3.2 Cervical Resorption -- 10.2.3.3 Transient Resorptions -- 10.2.4 Management ofExternal Resorption -- 10.2.5 Management ofExternal Cervical Resorption -- 10.2.6 Advantages ofBiodentine intheTreatment ofRoot Resorptions -- 10.2.6.1 Antiresorptive Effect ofBiodentine -- 10.2.6.2 Bioactivity andBiocompatibility ofBiodentine -- 10.2.6.3 Stabilization oftheTooth Structure Through Biodentine -- 10.3 Conclusion -- References -- 11: Clinical Application ofBiodentineTM inRegenerative Endodontics/Revitalization -- 11.1 Indication ofRevitalization Procedures -- 11.2 Clinical Procedure -- 11.2.1 First Visit: Disinfection -- 11.2.2 Second Visit: Intracanal Blood Clot Induction -- 11.3 Outcome -- 11.4 Material Selection -- 11.4.1 Irrigation andIntracanal Medicament -- 11.4.2 Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cement -- 11.5 Regeneration andRepair -- 11.6 Future Perspectives -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References