Types of Macular Hemorrhages and Clinical Appearance -- Macular Hemorrhage: Natural Course and Risk Factors -- Classification of Subretinal Hemorrhage -- The Pathophysiology of Subretinal Hemorrhage -- Anti-VEGF and Fibrinolytic Agents for the Management of Subretinal Hemorrhage -- Minimally Invasive Surgical Approaches to the Management of Macular Hemorrhages -- Surgical Treatment of Massive Subretinal Hemorrhage -- Macular Translocation in Submacular Hemorrhage Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration -- Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Choroid Translocation in Massive Submacular Hemorrhage.-Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment of Pre-Retinal Hemorrhages -- Management of Trauma Associated Macular Hemorrhages.

Sub- or preretinal hemorrhage involving the macula is a typical complication in a variety of ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, arterial macroaneurysm, Valsalva retinopathy, and trauma. However, there is currently no consensus regarding the ideal treatment for macular hemorrhage. The purpose of this book on macular hemorrhage is twofold: it aims both to impart valuable information on pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic aspects, and prognostic criteria under different conditions and to provide a systematic overview of therapeutic approaches that cover the most important situations a vitreoretinal surgeon might encounter when treating patients with this disorder. Case presentations, clinical photographs, and an extensive review of the literature supplement the important information on clinical decision making, surgical techniques, and typical pitfalls and invite the reader to explore the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to the management of macular hemorrhage.